Bristol's Backyard Vineyards: Foot-Stomping Fruit in Urban Spaces
Every 20 minutes or so, an ageing diesel-powered train arrives at a graffiti-covered station. Nearby, a law enforcement alarm cuts through the near-constant traffic drone. Commuters rush by falling apart, ivy-covered garden fences as rain clouds gather.
It is perhaps the last place you anticipate to find a well-established vineyard. However James Bayliss-Smith has managed to four dozen established plants sagging with round purplish grapes on a sprawling garden plot sandwiched between a row of historic homes and a commuter railway just above Bristol town centre.
"I've seen people hiding illegal substances or other items in those bushes," states the grower. "Yet you simply continue ... and keep tending to your grapevines."
Bayliss-Smith, 46, a documentary cameraman who runs a fermented beverage company, is not the only urban winemaker. He's pulled together a informal group of cultivators who produce vintage from several discreet city grape gardens nestled in private yards and community plots throughout the city. It is too clandestine to possess an official name yet, but the group's WhatsApp group is called Vineyard Dreams.
Urban Wine Gardens Around the World
To date, the grower's allotment is the only one registered in the City Vineyard Network's upcoming global directory, which features more famous urban wineries such as the eighteen hundred vines on the hillsides of the French capital's historic Montmartre area and more than 3,000 grapevines with views of and inside the Italian city. The Italian-based charitable organization is at the vanguard of a movement re-establishing city vineyards in traditional winemaking countries, but has discovered them throughout the world, including cities in Japan, Bangladesh and Uzbekistan.
"Grape gardens assist cities remain more eco-friendly and ecologically varied. These spaces protect land from construction by creating long-term, productive agricultural units within urban environments," says the organization's leader.
Similar to other vintages, those created in urban areas are a product of the soils the plants grow in, the unpredictability of the weather and the people who tend the grapes. "A bottle of wine embodies the beauty, community, landscape and heritage of a urban center," notes the president.
Mystery Polish Variety
Returning to Bristol, the grower is in a urgent timeline to gather the vines he cultivated from a cutting left in his allotment by a Eastern European household. Should the rain arrives, then the pigeons may seize their chance to attack once more. "This is the enigmatic Polish variety," he says, as he removes damaged and mouldy berries from the glistering clusters. "We don't really know their exact classification, but they're definitely hardy. Unlike premium grapes – Burgundy grapes, white wine grapes and additional renowned European varieties – you need not spray them with chemicals ... this is possibly a unique cultivar that was developed by the Soviets."
Collective Efforts Across Bristol
The other members of the group are also taking advantage of sunny interludes between showers of fall precipitation. At a rooftop garden overlooking Bristol's glistening waterfront, where historic trading ships once floated with barrels of vintage from France and the Iberian peninsula, Katy Grant is collecting her dark berries from approximately fifty plants. "I love the aroma of these vines. The scent is so evocative," she remarks, pausing with a basket of grapes slung over her arm. "It's the scent of Provence when you roll down the car windows on holiday."
The humanitarian worker, 52, who has devoted more than two decades working for charitable groups in war-torn regions, unexpectedly took over the grape garden when she returned to the United Kingdom from Kenya with her family in 2018. She experienced an strong responsibility to look after the grapevines in the yard of their new home. "This plot has already endured multiple proprietors," she says. "I deeply appreciate the concept of environmental care – of passing this on to someone else so they keep cultivating from the soil."
Sloping Gardens and Traditional Winemaking
Nearby, the remaining cultivators of the collective are busily laboring on the precipitous slopes of Avon Gorge. Jo Scofield has cultivated over 150 vines situated on terraces in her wild half-acre garden, which descends towards the silty River Avon. "Visitors frequently express amazement," she notes, gesturing towards the interwoven grape garden. "It's astonishing to them they can see grapevine lines in a urban neighborhood."
Currently, Scofield, 60, is harvesting clusters of deep violet dark berries from rows of plants arranged along the cliff-side with the assistance of her child, Luca. Scofield, a wildlife and conservation film-maker who has contributed to streaming service's nature programming and television network's Gardeners' World, was inspired to cultivate vines after seeing her neighbour's vines. She has learned that amateurs can produce interesting, enjoyable traditional vintage, which can sell for more than seven pounds a serving in the increasing quantity of establishments focusing on minimal-intervention vintages. "It is incredibly satisfying that you can actually create quality, natural wine," she states. "It's very fashionable, but really it's resurrecting an old way of producing vintage."
"During foot-stomping the grapes, all the natural microorganisms come off the surfaces and enter the juice," says Scofield, partially submerged in a bucket of tiny stems, pips and red liquid. "That's how vintages were historically produced, but industrial wineries introduce sulphur [dioxide] to kill the wild yeast and subsequently add a lab-grown culture."
Challenging Conditions and Creative Approaches
A few doors down sprightly retiree Bob Reeve, who inspired Scofield to plant her vines, has gathered his companions to pick Chardonnay grapes from the 100 vines he has arranged precisely across multiple levels. Reeve, a northern English physical education instructor who taught at Bristol University cultivated an interest in viticulture on regular visits to Europe. However it is a difficult task to cultivate this particular variety in the dampness of the gorge, with temperature fluctuations moving through from the nearby estuary. "I wanted to make French-style vintages in this location, which is somewhat ambitious," says Reeve with amusement. "Chardonnay is late to ripen and very sensitive to fungal infections."
"My goal was creating European-style vintages here, which is rather ambitious"
The temperamental local weather is not the only challenge faced by winegrowers. Reeve has been compelled to erect a fence on